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Basic Periodontology
During the three previous decades the etiology and pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis has been studied by a variety of techniques. Microbiological, cell biological, molecular biology and clinical methods have been employed. Taken together the results from these studies and experiences show beyond doubt that periodontal attachment loss is caused by subgingival colonization of oral microorganisms. The infection is of opportunistic character even if certain oral bacteria seem to be more important as periodontal pathogens than others. Longitudinal studies in humans have shown that elimination of the supra- and subgingivally located bacteria reduce the symptoms gingival inflammation and periodontal pathology. Such treatment procedures lead to that further progression of periodontal attachment loss can be reduced and/or prevented. Periodontal diseases are treated with what is called non-surgical and surgical methods.
In addition to helping patients understand the connection between oral health care and overall health, dental hygienists educate patients about proper oral hygiene and treat periodontal disease to prevent the condition from advancing and complicating other diseases.